What you have to prove
You must show: (1) a medically documented spine disorder (e.g. herniated nucleus pulposus, spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease); (2) nerve-root compromise with radiating pain or paresthesia; (3) muscle weakness or sensory loss on exam; and (4) an inability to use one or both upper extremities OR a documented need for a walker, bilateral canes, or wheelchair.
Medical evidence SSA expects
MRI/CT showing the structural compromise, EMG/nerve-conduction studies, pain management records, physical therapy notes, a physician-ordered assistive-device prescription, and functional-capacity evaluations.
Common misconceptions
Pain alone — even chronic severe pain — doesn't meet the listing. SSA wants objective imaging + documented functional limitation. Many back-pain applicants are denied at the listing level but approved on a Medical-Vocational Allowance because their remaining function falls below sedentary.